Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis - Overview

Conjunctivitis, sometimes referred to as pink eye, is an infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva - the thin, protective membrane that covers the surface of the eyeball and inner surface of the eyelids. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses and other germs that are transmitted to the eye through contaminated hands, towels, and eye makeup or extended wear contacts. It can also result from exposure to irritants such as chemicals, smoke or dust; or by pollen and other allergens. It is not uncommon for conjunctivitis to accompany a cold or flu.

Bacterial or viral conjunctivitis is contagious and tends to be prevalent in daycare centers and schools. It can spread by direct person-to-person contact, in airborne droplets that are coughed or sneezed, or from sharing makeup, towels and washcloths. Its hallmark sign is redness in the white of the eye that may be accompanied by increased tearing and/or a discharge that is watery or thick with mucus and pus and causes the eyelids to stick together.
Although usually a minor problem that improves within two weeks, some types can develop into serious corneal inflammation and vision loss if not treated. If you wear contact lenses and suspect you have conjunctivitis, discontinue wearing your contacts until the condition clears; you may also need to replace your contact lenses to prevent recurrence.

There are four primary types:

Bacterial conjunctivitis can affect one or both eyes and is usually accompanied by a heavy, yellow discharge that may cause the eyelids to stick together in the morning. Caused by a variety of bacteria, bacterial conjunctivitis is treated with antibiotic eye drops and typically resolves within 5 days. If there is concurrent inflammation of the eyelids, your eye care provider may also recommend an eyelid scrub to remove bacteria and dried mucous from the lid margin.

Viral conjunctivitis is often caused by adenoviruses, the family responsible for upper-respiratory illnesses such as colds, but can also result from herpes simplex and other viruses. This type can also affect either one or both eyes, and usually causes a lighter discharge. Although viral conjunctivitis usually produces a superficial case that clears on its own within two weeks, you should still see your eyecare provider to ensure it doesn't lead to a more serious infection that can involve the cornea.

Antibiotics are ineffective for viral conjunctivitis. Artificial tears may be used, or your doctor may recommend a topical anti-inflammatory drop to relieve discomfort. Topical or oral anti-herpetic medications can help suppress herpes viral infections.

Allergic conjunctivitis results from a response to airborne pollen, dust, smoke, or environmental agents. Both eyes are usually affected and may itch, tear excessively and discharge a stringy mucous. You may also have other allergic reactions, such as a runny or itchy nose. Depending on the severity, your eye doctor may prescribe topical drops that are effective in relieving the itching and discomfort. A very specific kind of allergic conjunctivitis may occur in contact lens wearers, if they do not clean the lenses well or if the lenses are not replaced often enough. Several treatments are available for this condition, including prescription allergy drops, changing contact lens solutions to keep the lenses cleaner, and changing to lenses that are replaced more frequently such as daily disposable contacts.

Chemical conjunctivitis is caused by exposure to irritating liquids, powders, or fumes and requires immediate action. Common irritants in include chlorine, detergents, fuels, ammonia, smoke and pesticides. First, flush the eye with cold water continuously for 15 minutes, then have the eyes evaluated by your eye doctor. For minor irritants such as chlorine, often artificial tears will effectively resolve the irritation. For chemicals burns from a strong acid or base, emergency medical treatment is needed.

Conjunctivitis- Signs and Symptoms

Viral conjunctivitis

		Watery Discharge
		Irritation
		Red Eye
		Usually begins with one eye but may spread easily to the fellow eye

Allergic conjunctivitis

		Usually affects both eyes
		Itching
		Tearing
		Swollen eyelids

Bacterial conjunctivitis

		Stringy discharge that may cause the lids to stick together, after sleeping
		Swelling of the conjunctiva
		Redness
		Usually affects only one eye but may spread to the fellow eye

If you suspect conjunctivitis, see an eye doctor as soon as possible.

Your eye will be examined to determine the specific cause of the inflammation and your eye doctor will determine what the best course of treatment to resolve the condition.

People with conjunctivitis should:

Wash their hands after touching or wiping their eyes.

Avoid touching other people unless hands are freshly washed.

Throw away or carefully wash items that touch their eyes.

Not share eye makeup or other items used on their eyes (for example, towels, or tissues).

Cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.

Consult your doctor in case medication is needed.

See a doctor if the eye discharge is yellow, if the eye or eyelid is red, or if the symptoms donâ€™t start
improving after 2-3 days. See a doctor immediately if the symptoms suggest a more severe infection.

Be excluded from school and child care settings until cleared by a health care provider that it is not
contagious, after taking antibiotics for 24 hours, or until symptoms have resolved.